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NEW QUESTION # 20
Consider a SUT that small run on multiple platform during the execution of automated test runs. In each test run an automated test suite needs to be executed, with the same version of the TAF, against the same version of the SUT of each platform. Each platform shall have its own dedicated test environment. Your goal is to implement a process as automated as possible ( i.e with minimal manual intervention) that allows implementing a consistent setup of the TAS across the multiple test environments.
Which two of the following aspects are MOST relevant for achieving your goal in this scenario?
* The configuration of the TAS uses automated installation scripts
* The TAF saves the logs needed to debug errors in XML format
C)Features of the TAF not used by the automated tests have been tested
D)All the automated test cases contain the expected results
E)The TAS components are under configuration management
- A. A and e
- B. B and d
- C. A and d
- D. B and c
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following BEST describes why it is important to separate test definition from test execution in a TAA?
- A. It allows testers to find more defects on the SUT
- B. It allow choosing different paradigms (e.g event-driven) for the interaction TAS and SUT
- C. It allows specify test cases without being closely tied to the tool to run them against the SUT
- D. It allows developing steps of the test process without being closely tied to the SUT interface.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following metrics could suggest, under certain condition that an automated regression test suite has NOT been updated for new functionalities added to the SUT?
- A. The ratio of comments to executable statements in the SUT code.
- B. The ratio of commands to executable statements in the automation code of the regression test suite
- C. The SUT code coverage provided by the execution of the regression test suite.
- D. The defect density in the automation code of the regression test suite.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following information in API documentation is LEAST relevant for implementing automated tests on that API?
- A. Details about the format of the API responses
- B. Authentication mechanisms required to access the API
- C. Details about the parameters accepted by each API endpoint
- D. Release notes/change logs on past changes to the API
Answer: D
Explanation:
To implement automated API tests, TAE emphasizes that testers need precise, actionable interface specifications: what endpoints exist, what inputs they accept, how to authenticate/authorize requests, and what outputs are returned (status codes, headers, response body schemas/formats). Options B, C, and D directly support test design and implementation: parameter details enable valid/invalid request construction and boundary coverage; authentication mechanisms are required to execute any protected calls and to test auth- related behaviors; response formats enable robust assertions (including schema validation). Release notes and change logs are valuable for understanding evolution, migration, and backward compatibility considerations, but they are not typically required to implement the tests for the current API behavior when the current specification is available. They may help explain why something changed or guide test updates over time, yet they are less directly relevant to writing the core automated checks compared with endpoint inputs, auth, and response structure. Therefore, among the options, past release notes/change logs are the least relevant for implementing automated tests on the API.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements about the reuse of TAS artefacts is TRUE?
- A. To enable reuse of TAS artefacts, a good design for reuse is built into the TAA and to further action are needed during the TAS lifecycle
- B. Reusable TAS artifacts associated with the definition layer of the TAA include the adaptors to the SUT components and/or interfaces
- C. Communications maintenance and improvements for reusing TAS artefacts are modify addressed during the design of the TAA
- D. Reusable TAS artefacts can include components (or parts of components) associated with different layers of the TAA
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 25
Assume that you are the TAE responsible for the correct functioning of a TAS, deployed in a test environment that consists of a few machines running the same version of the operating system. The TAS has been working and stable since its deployment, it has been used to run an automated test suite consisting of many similar automated test. The infrastructure team is planning to update the operating system on these machines by installing a new the service pack for security reasons. Since the vendor of the operating system assurance full backward compatibility, the infrastructure team assurance that there will be no impacts on the functioning of the TAS.
What is the BEST approach to confirm the correct functioning of the TAS in this scenario?
- A. Make sure that the infrastructure team has completed installing the service pack on the machines where SUT is running, then run the whole automated test suite to verify itsbehavior
- B. Do not run any tests because you can immediately confirm the correct functioning of the automated test suite
- C. Verify the behavior of the automated tests by running a small tests, then gradually run the remaining tests to confirm the correct functioning of the whole automated test suite.
- D. Verify the behavior of the whole automated test suite by running all the automated tests
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 26
(Which of the following statements refers to a typical advantage of test automation?)
- A. Artificial intelligence can be used to help identify redundant tests within large, long-running automated regression test suites
- B. On average, automated tests written at the API level are likely to run faster than automated tests written at the UI level
- C. Automated tests can allow defects to be detected earlier than manual tests because their execution times can be shorter
- D. Automated tests can determine whether actual results match expected results, even for non-machine- interpretable results
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the ISTQB Test Automation Engineer (TAE) body of knowledge, a core, typical advantage of test automation is faster feedback through efficient execution, especially when tests are implemented at lower levels (e.g., API/service) rather than through the UI. UI tests inherently traverse more layers (browser, rendering, client-side code, network timing, and often multiple back-end calls), so they tend to be slower and more brittle. API-level tests bypass most UI-related overhead and interact closer to business logic/services, reducing execution time and improving reliability. Option A is incorrect because many results (e.g., visual aesthetics, subjective usability, tone, or "looks right") are not reliably machine-interpretable without specialized approaches and still often require human judgment. Option C may be possible in some contexts, but "AI redundancy identification" is not a typical, foundational advantage emphasized as a standard automation benefit. Option D is misleading: early defect detection is mainly achieved by earlier and more frequent execution (e.g., CI) and shifting tests left, not merely because a single automated run is shorter than manual execution. Therefore, the most typical advantage presented is that API automation generally runs faster than UI automation.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statement about the implementation of automated regression testing is FALSE?
- A. When automating regression tests, the corresponding manual tests should have already been executed to verify they operate correctly
- B. When automating regression tests, the structure of automated tests must always be the same as the corresponding manual tests
- C. When automating regression tests, the initialization steps set the test preconditions should be automated wherever possible
- D. When automating regression tests, consideration should be given to how much time would be saved by automation
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 28
You are reviewing the testability of your SUT.
Which of the following BEST refers to the characteristic of OBSERVABILITY?
- A. The ability to identify states, outputs, intermediate result and error messages in the SUT
- B. The ability of the SUT to prevent unauthorized access to its components or data.
- C. The ability of the SUT to perform its intended function for a specified period of time
- D. The ability to exercise the SUT by entering inputs, triggering events and invoking methods
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 29
In a first possible implementation, the automated test scripts within a suite locate and interact with elements of a web UI indirectly through the browsers using browser-specific drivers and APIs, provided by an automated test tool used as part of the TAS. In an alternative implementation, these test scripts locate and interact with elements of the same web UI directly at the HTML level by accessing the DOM (Document Object Model) and internal JavaScript code. The first possible implementation:
- A. Has the same level of intrusion as the alternative implementation, and therefore the risk of test scripts producing false positives is the same in both cases
- B. Has a lower level of intrusion than the alternative implementation, and therefore its test scripts are more likely to produce false positives
- C. Has a higher level of intrusion than the alternative implementation, and therefore its test scripts are less likely to produce false positives
- D. Has a lower level of intrusion than the alternative implementation, and therefore its test scripts are less likely to produce false positives
Answer: D
Explanation:
TAE describes "intrusiveness" as the degree to which automation reaches into internal implementation details of the SUT rather than interacting through externally visible, user-realistic interfaces. Using browser drivers and browser automation APIs exercises the UI similarly to a real user (via the browser's supported automation hooks), which is generally less intrusive than directly manipulating the DOM and internal JavaScript. Direct DOM/JS access can bypass real user interaction pathways, skip browser event chains, and depend on internal structures that are not part of the stable external contract. This increases the risk of false positives: tests may
"pass" by forcing UI states or reading internal values even when the application would not behave correctly for real users. Less intrusive automation (through browser-level drivers) tends to provide higher confidence that observed behavior reflects real user experience, reducing the chance that tests succeed while user-visible behavior is broken. TAE therefore associates lower intrusion with stronger validity of results and lower false- positive risk, especially for system/UI-level validation. While browser-driven automation can still be flaky for other reasons (timing, environment), in the specific comparison of interaction method, browser-driver-based execution is the less intrusive option and is less likely to create false positives than direct internal DOM/JS manipulation.
NEW QUESTION # 30
You are executing the first test run of a test automation suite of 200 tests. All the relevant information related to the state of the SUT and to the automated test execution is stored in a small database. During the Automated test run you observe that the first 10 test pass, while an abnormal termination occurs when executing the
11thtest. This test does not complete its execution and the overall execution of the suite is aborted. An immediate analysis of the abnormal termination is expected to be time consuming and you have been asked to produce a detailed report of the execution results for the first test run, as soon as possible.
What is the MOST important FIRST step to be taken immediately after the abnormal occurred when executing the 11thtest?
- A. Take a backup of the database in its current state. So It can be analyzed later
- B. Re-run the test automation suite starting from the 12thtest
- C. Return the database to a consistent state that allows subsequent test to run
- D. Re-run the test automation suite starting from the 1sttest.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is NOT a factor in considering when you are asked to ensure an effective transition from manual to automated tests?
- A. Correctness of test data and test cases
- B. Complexity to automate the manual test cases
- C. The controllability of the SUT
- D. The look and feel of the SUT
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 32
You are using a gTAA to create a TAS for a project. The TAS is aimed at automatically and executing test cases based on a use-case Modeling approaching that uses UML as a modeling language. All the interaction between TAS and SUT will only be at the API and GUI level.
Which of the following components of the gTAA would you EXCLUDE from the TAS?
- A. The Command Line Interface (CLI) component of the test adaptation layer
- B. The test reporting component of the test execution layer.
- C. The test execution (test engine of the test execution layer
- D. The Test execution component of the test generation layer
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 33
(In User Acceptance Testing (UAT) for a new SUT, in addition to the manual tests performed by the end- users, automated tests are performed that focus on the execution of repetitive and routine test scenarios. In which of the following environments are all these tests typically performed?)
- A. Build environment
- B. Integration environment
- C. Preproduction environment
- D. Production environment
Answer: C
Explanation:
TAE distinguishes test environments by purpose and risk. User Acceptance Testing is typically performed in an environment that is as production-like as feasible (configuration, data shape, integrations) but still controlled and safe for testing activities. This is commonly referred to aspreproduction(often "staging"): it supports realistic end-to-end flows, allows business users to validate that the SUT meets acceptance criteria, and enables running routine/repetitive automated checks without risking live operations. A build environment is focused on compiling/packaging and basic verification, not business acceptance. An integration environment is used to validate interactions among components/systems, but may not reflect full production- like configuration, and it's often shared and volatile-less suitable for formal acceptance activities involving end users. Production is generally avoided for UAT because acceptance testing can alter live data, disrupt users, and introduce unacceptable business risk; production testing is typically limited to tightly controlled smoke checks, monitoring, or specific "in-production" validation patterns with strong safeguards. Therefore, the environment in which both end-user manual UAT and supporting automated routine scenarios are typically executed is thepreproduction environment, aligning with TAE's guidance on balancing realism with risk containment.
NEW QUESTION # 34
(Which of the following aspects of "design for testability" is MOST directly associated with the need to define precisely which interfaces are available in the SUT for test automation at different test levels?)
- A. Controllability
- B. Observability
- C. Autonomy
- D. Architecture transparency
Answer: D
Explanation:
In TAE, "design for testability" includes attributes that make it easier to create, execute, and maintain automated tests across levels (component, integration, system, UI). The need to define precisely which interfaces are available at different test levels-e.g., public APIs, service endpoints, message queues, UI automation hooks, test seams, logs, and internal test interfaces-maps most directly toarchitecture transparency. Architecture transparency concerns how clearly the system's structure, layers, and accessible interfaces are documented and exposed so test automation can reliably connect to the right interaction points.
This includes understanding which interfaces are stable, supported, and appropriate for each level of testing, and avoiding "guesswork" that increases brittleness. Controllability is about the ability to set inputs, states, and preconditions (e.g., reset data, seed databases, drive system state). Observability is about the ability to see outputs, internal states, and logs to assess outcomes. Autonomy concerns whether tests can run independently without external dependencies or manual intervention (e.g., isolated environments, stable test data). While controllability/observability/autonomy are critical for automation, the specific emphasis on "precisely defining which interfaces are available" is fundamentally an architectural transparency issue: clear interface availability and documentation enable correct, maintainable automation connections across test levels.
NEW QUESTION # 35
You are reviewing the testability of your SUT.
Which of the following BEST refers to the characteristic of OBSERVABILITY?
- A. The ability of the SUTto perform its intended function for a specified period of time
- B. The ability of the SUT to prevent unauthorized access to its components or data.
- C. The abilityto identify states, outputs, intermediate result and error messages in the SUT
- D. The ability to exercise the SUT by entering inputs, triggering events and invoking methods
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are using a gTAA to create a TAS for a project. The TAS is aimed specifically at automating a suit of existing manual test cases for standalone desktop applications. All the interfaces between the TAS and SUT will be from the CUI of the application.
Which of the following layers of the gTAA should you focus on for the TAS?
- A. The test Generation layer
- B. The Test Definition layer
- C. The Test Execution layer
- D. The Test Adaption layer
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 37
As a TA-E, you have successfully verified that a test automation environment and all other components of the TAS are working as expected. Now your goal is to verify the correct behavior for a given automated test suite that will be run by the TAS. Which of the following should NOT be part of the verifications aimed at achieving your goal?
- A. Are all automated tests within the suite complete in terms of test data, including expected results?
- B. Do all automated tests within the suite always provide the same results across multiple runs?
- C. Is the connectivity between the TAS and the necessary internal and external systems available and stable?
- D. Does the level of intrusion of automated test tools influence confidence in the suite's test results?
Answer: C
Explanation:
TAE separates two verification scopes: (1) verifying the automation environment and TAS components (infrastructure, connectivity, toolchain readiness), and (2) verifying the correctness and trustworthiness of a specific automated test suite (test completeness, determinism, result validity). The scenario explicitly states that the environment and all TAS components have already been verified as working as expected.
Connectivity between the TAS and internal/external systems is an environment-level readiness check and therefore belongs primarily to the first scope. For the second scope-verifying the behavior of the automated test suite-TAE emphasizes ensuring tests are complete (including correct expected results and data), are repeatable/deterministic across runs, and that the approach/tool intrusion level is understood so stakeholders can interpret confidence in results. That maps to options B, C, and D as suite-focused considerations. Option A repeats an environment connectivity check that should have been addressed in the prior phase and is not a core part of verifying the suite's behavior once environment readiness has been established. Therefore, option A should NOT be part of the suite-behavior verification in this stated situation.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Designing the System Under Test (SUT) for testability is important for a good test automation approach and can also benefit manual test execution.
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when designing for testability?
- A. Observability: The SUT needs to provide interface that give insight into the system.
- B. Control: the SUT needs to provide interfaces that can be used to perform actions on SUT.
- C. Clearly defined architecture: The SUT Architecture needs to provide clear and understandable interfaces giving control and visibility on all test levels.
- D. Re-useability: The code written for the SUT must be re-useable for other similar system.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 39
A SUT has an existing automated test suite.
Which of the following statements relating to the introduction of new features in the SUT is TRUE?
- A. Automated tests are not affected by the introduction of a new feature and running them against the new SUT is a waste of effort
- B. The test automation engineer should work with the business analysts to ensure the new feature is testable
- C. The introduction of a new feature could require updates or additions to the testware components
- D. It is generally more difficult to automate test cases for a new feature as the development has not yet started
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 40
Consider a TAS that is going to be deployed for the first time. The TAS requires share resources and run it its own test environment. The infrastructure for the TAS has been created along with maintenance procedures. It is very unlikely the TAS will be required to work in other target Environments. There is a high-risk that when the TAS is deployed in its own test environment, a number of existing application will no longer work because of conflicts with the existing shared resources.
Which of the following activities would you expect to be MOST effective at mitigating the risk associated with the first deployment of the TAS?
- A. Testing the TAS for its ability to be implemented in other target test environments.
- B. Testing the TAS for application compatibility issues in the target environment
- C. Testing the TAS for regressions due to optimization that fix non-functional issues.
- D. Testing the TAS for ITS ability to run a shared test environment
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 41
You have been asked todeterminea TAS for a new release of a SUT, test should be automatedwherever. The new release will consist of 5 new interfaces and an amendment to 3 existing interfaces. The new and amended interface will be deliver incrementally in 3 sprints, each lasting 2 weeks.
What would be the BEST Test Automation Solution (TAS) design in this scenario?
- A. Automate tests at both Component and System Level. Only do this automation once every interface has been fully developed or amended and manual testing has completed successfully.
- B. Automate tests at one level only, System level. Use only the newly developed interfaces and do not create any customized interfaces/test hooks.
- C. Automate the tests at two levels, Component and System level. Create customized hooks at Component level for interface not yet developed or amended. Only use the newly developed or amended interfaces to test at System level.
- D. Automate a test at once level, component level, Create customized interface/test hooks for this level where the interface has not yet been developed or amended.
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following statements about the relationship between TAA, TAS and TAF is true?
- A. A TAS can be used to implement a TAF, which is an implementation of a TAA
- B. A TAF can be used to implement a TAS, which is an implementation of a TAA
- C. A TAF can be used to implement a TAA, which is an implementation of a TAS
- D. A TAS can be used to implement a TAA, which is an implementation of a TAF
Answer: B
Explanation:
In TAE terminology, the Test Automation Architecture (TAA) is the conceptual, high-level blueprint that describes how automation will be structured, what layers exist, how components interact, and how the automation connects to the SUT and supporting systems. The Test Automation Solution (TAS) is the concrete realization of that architecture in a specific context-tools, infrastructure, pipelines, conventions, and components assembled to deliver automated testing capability. The Test Automation Framework (TAF) is a structured set of reusable libraries, guidelines, and mechanisms that supports efficient development, execution, reporting, and maintenance of automated tests; it is commonly a key part used to build the TAS.
TAE documents commonly present this relationship as: TAA (design) # implemented as TAS (solution) # constructed using one or more TAFs (framework elements) plus tools and environment components. Options B, C, and D invert these relationships and misrepresent the concept that architecture is implemented by a solution, not the other way around. Therefore, the statement that a TAF can be used to implement a TAS, which is an implementation of a TAA, is the correct relationship.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Your goal is to verify completeness, consistency and correct behavior of an automated test suite. The TAS has been proven to successfully install in the SUTenvironment. All the preliminary checks to verify the correct functioning of the automated test environment and test tool configuration, installation and setup have successfully completed.
Which of the following is NOT a relevant check for achieving your goal in this scenario?
- A. Checking whether all the test cases contain the expected results
- B. Checking whether the post condition have been fulfilled for all the test cases
- C. Checking whether all the test cases produce repeatable outcomes
- D. Checking whether the loading of the TAS is repeatable in the SUT environment
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following success factors for a test automation project is TRUE?
- A. Automated tests must be designed to capture only the data that is strictly needed for comparing expected and actual results
- B. The test cases to be automated first must always be selected based on the number of times a test will need to be run
- C. The test cases to be automated must have a high dependency on particular data values
- D. Automated tests that fail due to changes in the requirements of the SUT should be promptly fixed rather than disabled from the test suite
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 45
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